The image of Plyushkin in the poem “ Dead Souls"is the most memorable and striking among other no less interesting, but equally vicious heroes. The character's nickname speaks for itself and personifies his character and essence. A person who has been accumulating unnecessary “junk” for years, who finds it difficult to part with things, is remembered so much that his name has become a household name and is relevant even in our time.
Gogol not only describes Plyushkin as an immensely greedy, degraded, soulless and unprincipled person, he gives us the opportunity to reveal this image to us through a description of his appearance, through his manner of dressing. The way Chichikov saw him when they first met him, in a greasy robe, a rag around his neck instead of a scarf, a strange cap on his head, more reminiscent of a beggar than a rich landowner. His appearance showed him to be a miser and a beggar rather than a wealthy landowner. Stinginess and collecting garbage brought him to the point of absurdity. For this man the main objective- buy unnecessary things.
The description of the estate and the house, dilapidated, unkempt, soulless, like the owner himself, gave the impression that life had stopped here. The once prosperous, filled with the joy of life, the love of his wife, the laughter of children, a well-kept estate falls into desolation with the death of his wife. The same desolation and “cluttering” occurs in the soul of the owner. Until recently, bright and strong personality, to whom neighbors came to learn economical housekeeping, turns into a creature consumed by the passion of stinginess. Plyushkin sold his dead souls with joy, considering Chichikov a fool. An old man in his seventh decade, it is unknown for whom or why he was saving his fortune. Stinginess and anger made him gloomy, unsociable and imprisoned in his lonely world.
Where have the feelings of kindness, family joy and fatherhood gone? He cursed his son, who shot himself because he could not pay off a gambling debt, and he has no desire to help his needy daughter and grandchildren, despite the fact that hay, flour and bread are rotting in his barns. The landowner gradually turned into an angry, hardened old man, living out his meager life in loneliness and anger. Of course, one could try to justify Plyushkin, but he did not take the chance to correct anything. He is completely indifferent to the people around him, he is obsessed with his goals.
The rot characteristic of Plyushkin is found in people in our time. Existence such as Gogol's character people, is completely pointless, since they poison with their essence, bile and malice. The image of Plyushkin in the poem is presented in a comic light, which has been distorted due to wealth and money.
Option 2
Plyushkin is one of the heroes of Gogol’s work “Dead Souls”, a strange, contradictory personality and not very understandable for many.
Plyushkin is an unkempt, unattractive old man of over sixty years old. His chin is sharp and protruding. The eyes are small and constantly moving. The beard is unkempt. The clothes are worn and dirty: the robe is extremely greasy and torn at the back, and there is an incomprehensible rag around the neck instead of the usual tie. At first glance, it is even difficult to determine his gender: he is more likely a woman, not a man.
But he was not always like this: many years ago he was a good owner, zealous and economical. Yes, he was not very generous, but it was “wise stinginess.” Wife, three children, a French teacher for his son and a madam for his daughters. Everything changed with the death of his wife: thoroughness turned into suspicion, and frugality into stinginess. And the house gradually began to empty: first, the eldest daughter ran away with the captain. The son went to serve, and there was no longer a need for a teacher. Madame was driven away - they learned that she had helped her eldest daughter escape. The youngest daughter died, and Plyushkin was left alone. But loneliness did not bother him at all: after all, no one would now stop him from saving, storing and getting rich.
Over the years, stinginess became his passion, a cruel and insatiable passion. And although Plyushkin “fed” this passion every day with new arrivals in his barns and bins, it demanded more and more. There was so much good that it could not be worn out, eaten and spent in several lives. Nothing was used, and new arrivals did not stop - the quitrent was still collected, every day Plyushkin brought into the house something he needed: a lost spur or a bucket forgotten at the well. The goods collected by the peasants were rotting and gathering dust in the yard; the things Plyushkin found were piled up in a large dusty heap in the corner of the room. There was a place on the bureau and windowsill for elegant little things and scraps of paper.
Gradually, Plyushkin’s soul began to empty, his feelings became dull. And the house, this “decrepit invalid,” as if sensing the state of the owner, also began to change: Plyushkin’s soul closed, and almost all the windows in the house closed, leaving only two windows that could be opened. The rest were shuttered or boarded up. The roof of the house was leaky, the wooden fence and gate were covered with mold. And the garden near the house was neglected and disorderly, although it amazed with some of its picturesqueness, which neither nature nor art could invent.
And the peasant village was also in terrible desolation: houses were falling apart, roads were crumbling, the lordly goods were rotting between the huts. Many houses had no glass and the roofs were full of holes. Yes, there was the “abomination of desolation” everywhere, but it was very harmonious - everything was dull, decrepit and hopeless.
The eldest daughter, who had once fled from the estate, tried to improve relations with her father, but he did not need this: it distracted him from increasing his wealth. When his daughter arrived, Plyushkin made do with “small losses”: he gave his grandson a button, an irreplaceable item in the household. He took his daughter’s gifts without much gratitude. Didn't give me any money. And he refused money to his son, thereby ending all relationships. And so it went. Gradually, guests and buyers stopped coming to Plyushkin, and he was left completely alone. But this was only to his advantage: he did not have to feed other people’s horses.
Plyushkin is very similar to another hero from classical literature– Judushka Golovlev Saltykov – Shchedrin. In both cases - boundless indifference to others and monstrous stinginess. Both names have long become household names. Only Plyushkin, unlike Judushka, does not “babble” and does not try to provide some kind of philosophical basis for everything.
Plyushkin, the richest landowner, lives in poverty: he has many souls, but dines “worse than a shepherd.” They say that poverty is not a way of life, but a state of mind. Maybe old age, insensitive and inhuman, according to Gogol, is to blame for this. Or maybe something completely different.
Essay 3
Stepan Plyushkin is one of the characters in Nikolai Vasilyevich Gogol’s poem “Dead Souls”.
The author said little about Plyushkin’s past. It is known that he was married and had three children: two daughters and a son. He had a prosperous, beautiful estate. Plyushkin is the richest man among the people in the poem. Balls were often held in his house, and he himself was an example for others in housekeeping. Plyushkin approached this matter with intelligence and enviable intelligent economy.
But after the death of his wife, this man began to change greatly in the worst side. His shallow feelings began to take on a negative character. Plyushkin's thriftiness turned into terrible stinginess. He completely abandoned his estate. His peasants starve all the time and die from it. Someone escapes, but still dies in prison. Stepan Plyushkin always thinks that they are stealing his things and constantly accuses them of this. The estate has not been renovated for a very long time. Due to weather conditions, his house took on an unkempt and abandoned appearance. It seemed like no one lived there. The hay and bread, which he had saved for some reason, were rotting. The inside of the house was a mess: old broken things that Plyushkin did not throw away were mixed with old furniture and garbage. The rooms were dark except for his room. With all this, this man still remained the richest among all: he had about a thousand working people.
In the poem he was in his seventh decade. When Chichikov came to him, from afar he did not even understand who was coming to him. Plyushkin looked like a sexless creature: it was not clear whether he was a man or a woman. There was a feeling that a servant was heading towards him, but it turned out to be the owner of the estate himself - Plyushkin. He was dressed in rags. The robe no longer looked like clothing, but like some kind of rag. The sleeves were completely saturated with grease. The owner himself seemed to have not washed for a long time and had forgotten what hygiene was in general. He had coarse white hair. His face did not express any feelings. He had a protruding chin, which he spat on when he spoke.
Plyushkin did not like guests. He broke off relations with his children a long time ago. The son fled to the army (who was later cursed by his father), one daughter died, and the other rushed to get married. He didn't help them in any way.
And once upon a time they envied Stepan Plyushkin. His estate prospered and he was a diligent family man.
Essay Image and characteristics of Plyushkin
Images of landowners play a key role in N.V.’s poem. Gogol "Dead Souls". Each landowner is unique and represents a distinct personality type. In fact, all landowners of that time can be divided into these types. Important features for characterizing a particular hero are his house, estate and reaction to unusual offer Chichikov on the sale of dead peasants.
The motley gallery of gentlemen is terrifying with unpleasant character traits. It’s as if the author deliberately arranged a series of landowners according to the principle: one is more vulgar than the other. It begins with the “sugar” Manilov, whose estate draws us in along with the main character. And it ends with a “hole in humanity” - Plyushkin. Greedy and base, he strikes the reader the most. Even the men from the neighboring neighborhoods, from whom Chichikov learns the way to the estate, call the last master “patched.”
The village through which the road leads to the manor house amazes those passing by with its squalor and poverty. Dilapidated peasant huts, impoverished lands and dirty courtyards. The manor's estate does not look like a living space. Rather, it resembles an ancient castle, entwined with cobwebs, which people abandoned long ago. Although there is evidence that once both the house and the household were strong, and the owner was prosperous.
Chichikov drives into the yard and notices either a woman or a man arguing with the driver. The hero, who decides that it is the housekeeper, asks whether the owner is at home. A sexless creature is surprised by the arrival stranger and escorts him to the room.
Chichikov is stunned by the chaos inside. It’s as if all the trash and unnecessary things from all over the area were brought here. And, indeed, it turns out that Plyushkin collects various unnecessary items on the street and stores them on the floor. It could be a bucket left behind by someone, broken dishes or a feather. The hero experiences no less shock when he realizes that he was met not by the housekeeper, but by the landowner - the owner of the house.
The master was dressed in a greasy, worn-out robe, all full of holes, and there were scraps of rags around his neck. Small eyes ran around, as if boring into the interlocutor. The hero was wary, suspicious, restless. If you don’t know that he is a wealthy landowner, then on the street you might mistake him for a beggar. The reader feels horror and pity for the hero.
Plyushkin can be considered the most prescribed image of all the landowners. Because this is the only hero with a story, a kind of biography. Once upon a time it was good landowner, a thrifty owner and a wonderful family man. Everything was in its place. His ability to save money was enviable. People from neighboring estates came to him to learn how to farm. But everything changed when the hero lost his wife. And the children left the house in an impartial manner, without their father’s blessing.
Stinginess grew every year until it replaced all the master’s feelings. The household began to become empty because the hero was skimping on money for absolutely everything. Greed took over him.
The character rejoices at the opportunity to receive money for dead peasants. And he doesn’t even know about the legality of the transaction. In gratitude, he even treats Chichikov to some crackers left over from the Easter cake his daughter brought. And a shot of liquor, diluted more than once. For him, this is great generosity and a sign of special favor.
After meeting this hero, the reader is left with an unpleasant aftertaste. On the one hand, he evokes pity. On the other hand, disgust.
Option 5
In his satirical work The author shows us “dead souls”; there are many landowners who live in different villages.
Most bright image for me this is Plyushkin, who lost everything because of his pity human qualities. All of Plyushkin’s property makes a bad impression. He was fine with village houses. After all, the logs from which the houses were built were already rotten, some houses had no glass, and there was nothing left to do but cover them with rags.
Plyushkin's house also looked very miserable, although he was not a poor man. Inside the house it was unclear what could be said - a trash can: scribbled papers were lying around, there was a glass filled with something, and there were already a bunch of flies floating in it, some strange rags were lying on the floor. Based on this, you might think that no one lives there.
The owner of the house, Plyushkin, looks like his home. The face is ordinary, and the small eyes move like those of a mouse. He is dressed very poorly, and his clothes are dirty; it is unclear what he is wearing at all. Looking at his clothes, it is difficult to determine whether he is a man or a woman. Plyushkin looks like a man who asks for alms. There were times when he was a very good owner, he had everything: family, children, and other people’s respect for himself.
All the neighbors happily came to visit Plyushkin. But after his wife died, he changed dramatically. He became greedy, suspicious, and anxious. His eldest daughter She married, secretly from her father, a military man, and went to live in another city. A youngest daughter died.
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The image of Plyushkin from Gogol’s poem “Dead Souls” is described in a manner unusual for the author - basically, Gogol widely uses elements of humor to characterize his characters. There is no humor left for Plyushkin - a realistic description of a stingy landowner and the consequences of his activities - this is what Nikolai Vasilyevich offers.
Symbolism of the surname
Gogol did not neglect symbolism in his works. Very often the names and surnames of the heroes of his works are symbolic. By contrasting the characteristics of the hero or synonymy, they help reveal certain characteristics of the character.
Basically, revealing symbolism does not require specific knowledge - the answer always lies on the surface. The same trend is observed in the case of Plyushkin.
The word “Plyushkin” means a person distinguished by extraordinary stinginess and greed. The goal of his life becomes the accumulation of a certain wealth (both in the form of finances and in the form of products or raw materials) without a specific goal.
In other words, he saves for the sake of saving. The accumulated goods, as a rule, are not sold anywhere and are used with minimal expenditure.
This designation fully corresponds to Plyushkin’s description.
Appearance and condition of the suit
Plyushkin is endowed with effeminate features in the poem. He has a long and overly thin face. Plyushkin did not have distinctive facial features. Nikolai Vasilyevich claims that his face was not much different from the faces of other old men with emaciated faces.
Distinctive feature Plyushkin's appearance had an excessively long chin. The landowner had to cover him with a handkerchief so as not to spit on him. The image was complemented by small eyes. They had not yet lost their liveliness and looked like small animals. Plyushkin never shaved; his growing beard did not look the most attractive and resembled a horse comb.
Plyushkin had no teeth.
Plyushkin's suit wants to look better. Honestly speaking, it is impossible to call his clothes a suit - they are so worn and strange looking, which resembles the rags of a tramp. Usually Plyushkin is dressed in an incomprehensible dress, similar to a woman's hood. His hat was also borrowed from a woman’s wardrobe - it was a classic cap of courtyard women.
The condition of the suit was simply terrible. When Chichikov saw Plyushkin for the first time, he could not determine his gender for a long time - Plyushkin by his behavior and appearance very much like a housekeeper. After the identity of the strange housekeeper was established, Chichikov came to the conclusion that Plyushkin did not look like a landowner at all - if he were near the church, he could easily be mistaken for a beggar.
Plyushkin's family and his past
Plyushkin was not always such a person; when he was young, his appearance and character were completely different from those of today.
Several years ago Plyushkin was not alone. He was a man living quite happily in marriage. His wife definitely had a positive influence on the landowner. After the birth of children, Plyushkin’s life also pleasantly transformed, but this did not last long - soon his wife died, leaving Plyushkin with three children - two girls and a boy.
Plyushkin had a hard time coping with the loss of his wife, it was difficult for him to cope with the blues, so he moved more and more away from his usual rhythm of life.
We invite you to familiarize yourself with the image of Chichikov in Nikolai Vasilyevich Gogol’s poem “Dead Souls”.
A picky and quarrelsome character contributed to the final discord - the eldest daughter and son left their father’s house without their father’s blessing. The youngest daughter died some time later. Eldest daughter, despite complex nature father, tries to maintain a relationship with him and even brings his children to stay with him. Contact with my son was lost long ago. The old man does not know how his fate turned out and whether he is alive.
Personality characteristics
Plyushkin - man complex nature. It is likely that certain inclinations for the development of certain qualities were laid down in him earlier, but under the influence family life and personal well-being, they did not acquire such a characteristic appearance.
Plyushkin was overcome by anxiety - his care and concern had long gone beyond the acceptable limit and became somewhat obsessive thought. After the death of his wife and daughter, he finally became hardened in soul - the concepts of sympathy and love for his neighbors are alien to him.
This tendency is observed not only in relation to people who are strangers in terms of kinship, but also to close relatives.
The landowner leads a solitary life, he hardly communicates with his neighbors, he has no friends. Plyushkin likes to spend time alone, he is seduced by the ascetic way of life, the arrival of guests is associated with something unpleasant for him. He doesn’t understand why people visit each other and considers it a waste of time - many useful things can be done during this time period.
It is impossible to find anyone who wants to make friends with Plyushkin - everyone shuns the eccentric old man.
Plyushkin lives without a specific goal in life. Because of his stinginess and pettiness, he was able to accumulate significant capital, but does not plan to somehow use the accumulated money and raw materials - Plyushkin likes the process of accumulation itself.
Despite significant financial reserves, Plyushkin lives very poorly - he regrets spending money not only on his family and friends, but also on himself - his clothes have long since turned into rags, his house is leaky, but Plyushkin sees no point in improving anything - his and so everything suits me.
Plyushkin loves to complain and be poor. It seems to him that he doesn’t have enough of everything - he doesn’t have enough food, there’s too little land, and he can’t even find an extra tuft of hay on the farm. In reality, everything is different - its food reserves are so large that they become unusable right in the storage facilities.
The second thing in life that brings pleasure to Plyushkin’s life is quarrels and scandals - he is always dissatisfied with something and likes to express his dissatisfaction in the most unsightly form. Plyushkin is too picky and impossible to please.
Plyushkin himself does not notice his shortcomings; he believes that in fact everyone treats him with bias and cannot appreciate his kindness and care.
Plyushkin's estate
No matter how much Plyushkin complained about his busyness with the estate, it is worth admitting that as a landowner Plyushkin was not the best and most talented.
His large estate is not much different from an abandoned place. The gates and the fence along the garden were extremely thin - in some places the fence had collapsed, and no one was in a hurry to fill the resulting holes.
There used to be two churches on the territory of his village, but now they are in disrepair.
Plyushkin's house is in terrible condition - it probably hasn't been renovated for many years. From the street, the house looked uninhabited - the windows in the estate were boarded up, only a few could be opened. Mold appeared in some places and the tree was overgrown with moss.
The inside of the house doesn't look any better - it's always dark and cold. The only room into which natural light penetrates is Plyushkin’s room.
The whole house is like a garbage dump - Plyushkin never throws anything away. He thinks that these things may still be useful to him.
In Plyushkin's office there is also chaos and disorder. There is a broken chair that can no longer be repaired, a clock that doesn’t work. There is a dump in the corner of the room - it is difficult to make out what is in the pile. What stands out from the general heap is the sole from old shoes and a broken shovel handle.
It seemed like the rooms had never been cleaned - there were cobwebs and dust everywhere. There was also no order on Plyushkin's desk - papers lay mixed with garbage there.
Attitude towards serfs
Plyushkin is in possession of big number serfs - about 1000 people. Of course, caring for and adjusting the work of so many people requires certain strength and skills. However, there is no need to talk about the positive achievements of Plyushkin’s activities.
Plyushkin treats his peasants unkindly and cruelly. They are not much different in appearance from their owner - their clothes are torn, their houses are dilapidated, and the people themselves are immensely skinny and hungry. From time to time, one of Plyushkin’s serfs decides to escape, because the life of a fugitive becomes more attractive than that of the serf Plyushkin. Plyushkin sells Chichikov about 200 " dead souls“is the number of people who died and serfs who escaped from him over several years. Compared with " dead souls"The rest of the landowners, the number of peasants sold to Chichikov looks terrifying.
We invite you to familiarize yourself with the characterization of Akaki Akakievich in Nikolai Vasilyevich Gogol’s story “The Overcoat”.
Peasant houses look even worse than a landowner's estate. In the village it is impossible to find a single house with a whole roof - rain and snow freely penetrate into the home. There are no windows in the houses either - the holes in the windows are filled with rags or old clothes.
Plyushkin speaks extremely disapprovingly of his serfs - in his eyes they are lazy and slackers, but in fact this is slander - Plyushkin's serfs work hard and honestly. They sow grain, grind flour, dry fish, make cloth, make wood various items household items, in particular dishes.
According to Plyushkin, his serfs are the most thieving and inept - they do everything somehow, without diligence, and, moreover, they constantly rob their master. In fact, everything is not so: Plyushkin intimidated his peasants so much that they are ready to die from cold and hunger, but will not take anything from their landowner’s warehouses.
Thus, the image of Plyushkin embodied the qualities of a greedy and stingy person. Plyushkin is incapable of feeling affection for people or at least sympathy - he is absolutely hostile to everyone. He considers himself a good master, but in reality this is self-deception. Plyushkin does not care about his serfs, he starves them, undeservedly accuses them of theft and laziness.
Characteristics of Plyushkin in the poem “Dead Souls”: description of appearance and character
4.2 (84%) 10 votesIN famous poem N.V. Gogol’s “Dead Souls” clearly presents the characters of people using the example of landowners. Their features show all the weaknesses that a person may have. One of these expressed weaknesses is stinginess and greed. These two features form the basis of Plyushkin’s image.
Plyushkin is portrayed as a landowner who has neglected not only himself, but the entire village. His stinginess left its mark on everything, including the furnishings of the house. When Chichikov found himself in Plyushkin’s room, it seemed to him that it was uninhabited. There was a large layer of dust on everything, there were broken objects, small pieces of paper written on them - everything had an unkempt appearance. And in the very corner of the room there was a large pile of garbage. And this pile perfectly reflects Plyushkin’s character. He put everything he came across there, any little thing that he then didn’t use anyway. This is how all misers behave - the heap reflects the fact that they accumulate various rubbish just so that they simply have it. So they feel richer materially because such people do not enrich their inner world by cluttering it unnecessary things and thoughts.
Plyushkin’s stinginess was not always so visible: he had a family that restrained these character traits. When he was left alone, he had no one to take care of, to try to somehow develop his character, and only one goal appeared for him - to accumulate as much as possible. Stingy people don’t care what they save - everything is not enough for them, stinginess becomes more and more, and they no longer look at what they save. Thus, stingy people try to fill the lack of human feelings - love, friendship, understanding. Because when Plyushkin remembered his friend from his youth, the expression on his face changed - he was able to feel the emotions that he had in childhood and youth. But no one wants to communicate with such people, there is nothing to talk about with them, and therefore they become more and more greedy.
Perhaps if Plyushkin had someone close to him who would not talk to him about money, but would try to develop his inner world, then he would not be so greedy and stingy. Because when his daughter came to him, the conversation still returned to money. It turns out that Plyushkin was not interested in anyone as a person, and because of this he becomes indifferent to the feelings of others and values only material things. If there was a person with him who would strive to help him, to improve his character, then Plyushkin would be a kind and fair landowner.
Option 2
A year ago he was a completely different person. Very happy and kind. He had a wonderful loving family, wife and kids. Plyushkin was wonderful friend and comrade. His estate flourished, he managed it well. The workers had great respect for their employer. But his wife suddenly dies of illness. And this crippled the main character. His wife was for him main support and muse. After all, she inspired Plyushkin to work. But he gathered his strength into a strong male fist, he still somehow stayed afloat. After some time, his beloved daughter runs away from her parents' house. And with whom, with the officer, Plyushkin hated the army to death. And this is the next blow to the heart of the main character. And the son refuses civil service and goes to serve in the regiment.
Plyushkin completely gives up, but finishes him off with the death of his beloved youngest daughter. And his existence is over, he has lost the meaning of life, all his loved ones have died and betrayed him. If before he worked for the benefit of his family, now Plyushkin is going crazy. Now he has directed all his forces in one direction, collecting all the goods and making warehouses. He no longer needs his workers, I work and do well. He doesn't pay any attention to them.
When Chichikov drove around Plyushkin's estate, he was horrified by how everything was slowly disintegrating and fading. A rickety fence, the houses are about to fall. But these people who lived there resigned themselves to such a life, and Plyushkin collects tribute from them in linen and bread. People are impoverished, and Plyushkin collects goods under his roof and does not use them in any way. People watched with tears in their eyes as it all disappeared and lay like a dead weight. They lost respect for their owner, but they still worked for him. But some could not stand such mockery of themselves and about eighty people ran away from such a landowner. Plyushkin didn’t even bother looking for them, since he didn’t care about what was happening around him. His main goal is to take possession of good, and as much as possible.
Gogol described his hero as death, since whatever falls into the hands of the landowner is immediately buried in darkness. Because of his indifference and indifference, the estate turned into a huge dump of goods. The landfill belongs to only one person. But people hope that after Plyushkin’s death his daughter and son will return to their native nest. They will put the estate on its feet, and life will flow with a new stream.
Essay Characteristics of Plyushkin Grade 9
In Gogol's work "Dead Souls" there is a very interesting character, his name is Plyushkin Stepan. Unfortunately, people like him often come across in life.
And so this is not at all old, a tall man. He is dressed quite peculiarly, if you don’t look closely, you might think that it’s elderly woman. Stepan is a rich landowner, he has a huge estate, many souls, but at first glance at the environment around him, you might think that the man is in cramped circumstances. There is terrible devastation around, the clothes of both the master himself and his servants should have been changed to new ones long ago. Despite the rich harvests and crowded barns, he eats breadcrumbs, what can we say about the servants who die of hunger like flies.
Plyushkin was not always so greedy and stingy. With his wife, he simply tried to save, but after her death, every year he became more and more suspicious, greed and hoarding took possession of him more and more. Now Stepan not only saved, but also saved money and did not spend it even on necessary needs. For him, children ceased to exist, and grandchildren, only the goal of profit moved him. Trying to save more, he simply fell out of life. He no longer understood why he was saving and for what. As he gets older, he becomes more and more indifferent to people. He doesn’t give money to his daughter or son; there is some kind of cruelty in him towards his own children. Stepan not only became petty and an insignificant person, but lost his self-esteem and subsequently the respect of his neighbors and his peasants.
There are things that he does not care about at all, although they are the ones that require primary attention, but he strictly monitors the decanter with liqueur. Plyushkin has not lived for a long time, but lives out his life in terrible despondency and the desire to profit even more. True, there are still glimpses of humanity. Having sold dead souls, he expressed a desire to help the buyer draw up a bill of sale, was this awakened kindness or an understanding that he was not the only one engaged in enrichment?
How important it is when tragedies happen in life to have someone nearby. He supported me not only financially, but also morally. Many, fixated on their grief, like Plyushkin, begin to degrade. Stepan Plyushkin should be pitied, not despised and condemned.
Meeting with Plyushkin
In the work of Nikolai Vasilyevich Gogol “Dead Souls” in the 6th chapter main character arrives at the estate of Stepan Plyushkin. The author says that he used to be curious about exploring an unfamiliar place and its owners. This time he arrives indifferently. At the same time, the writer describes in detail everything that the character sees.
All the village buildings were dilapidated: the roofs were leaky, the windows were without glass. Then Chichikov saw two rural churches, which were empty and worn out. Next comes the manor house. Outwardly, he is old and weather-beaten. Only two windows were open, and the rest were closed or boarded up. In the text we learn that there was a terrible mess inside, it felt cold, as if from a cellar. It is known that a house is a reflection of its owner. From the description of the estate it follows that Plyushkin is an old man, which is also proven by his words about being in his seventh decade. In addition, Gogol tells us about the stinginess of the landowner. He collects absolutely everything he sees and puts it in one pile. On the way to Plyushkin, Chichikov learned about the nickname “patched.” In one word, the people described the appearance of the landowner and his entire household.
At first glance he looks poor and pitiful, but main character knows that this person has more than a thousand souls. He was a thin old man with a protruding chin. He has small eyes and high eyebrows. The look seems suspicious and restless. Dressed in greasy and torn clothes. We also learn about his past. It turned out that he changed dramatically after the death of his wife.
When Chichikov finally decided to talk about the deal, the landowner showed us his soul. He reproaches the peasants for absolutely everything, and also does not trust them. Every year people run away from him. There is a lot of food rotting in Plyushkin’s barns, which he does not give to anyone. He believes that peasants are gluttonous. He goes to them to eat, under the guise of caring. In addition, he is hypocritical, as evidenced by his words about his good nature.
The poem is not only about buying the souls of dead peasants, but also about making the reader see the souls of these people. Each of them is already dead mentally. Using the example of Plyushkin, Gogol shows stinginess, inhospitality, pettiness, insignificance, hypocrisy and greed. The landowner did not even give any money to his own children who needed his help, despite having huge reserves. It is impossible to find a common language with such people. He is ready to give even what is no longer there, for the sake of profit alone.
Sample 5
In the poem “Dead Souls” by N.V. Gogol, a whole gallery of landowners passes in front of us. It ends with Plyushkin.
Stepan Plyushkin is fundamentally different from other landowners. The character of the hero is given in development. Using his example, Gogol shows how man gradually became “a hole in humanity.”
Chichikov meets with Plyushkin on his estate, where everything is in disrepair. The manor's house looks like a grave crypt. Only the garden reminds of life, which is sharply contrasted with the ugly life of the landowner. Plyushkin's estate smells of mold, rot, and death.
At the first meeting of Chichikov with Plyushkin, it is not clear who is in front of him, in any case, he does not look like a landowner - some kind of figure. The landowner's appearance is such that if Chichikov had seen him near the church, he would have taken him for a beggar. It’s dark in Plyushkin’s house and it feels cold. All the rooms are locked, except for two; the landowner lived in one of them. There is chaos everywhere, mountains of garbage. Life has stopped here - this is symbolized by the stopped clock.
But it was not always so. The author shows how Plyushkin gradually degraded to such a state. Once he was a good owner, had a family, communicated with neighbors. But his wife died, the children left home, and he was left alone. He was overcome by melancholy and despair. Plyushkin becomes stingy, petty and suspicious. He does not feel the need to communicate with anyone, even with his own children and grandchildren. Sees everyone as an enemy.
Plyushkin is a slave of things. He drags everything into the house. It senselessly fills warehouses and barns, where everything then rots. Countless wealth is wasted. Plyushkin considers peasants to be parasites and thieves. They live poorly in his village and are starving. As a result of such a life, the peasants die or flee from the estate.
Chichikov's proposal regarding dead souls amazed Plyushkin. He's happy about this deal. Chichikov purchased from Plyushkin not only dead people, but also fugitives at a low price and was in good spirits.
The image of this landowner evokes sadness. Everything human in man has been destroyed. Plyushkin's soul was deadened by greed. In the person of Plyushkin, Gogol depicted spiritual degradation brought to the last line.
9th grade literature
First of September. Near the school there is again noise and bustle, teachers in beautiful outfits, and not standard formal suits. Schoolchildren are taking pictures all around and repeating their words, the headmistress, as always, commands the caretaker, you see, he put the microphone in the wrong place.
Lefty is a prototype of the simple Russian people with with a broad soul and rich inner world, but without the opportunity to receive a worthy reward for your creative work. For most, the main character of Leskov’s work was a man
The gallery of “dead souls” ends in the poem with Plyushkin. Origins this image we find it in the comedies of Plautus, Moliere, and in the prose of Balzac. However, at the same time, Gogol’s hero is a product of Russian life. “In an environment of general extravagance and ruin... in the society of the Petukhovs, Khlobuevs, Chichikovs and Manilovs... a suspicious and intelligent person... should involuntarily be seized by fear for his well-being. And so stinginess naturally becomes the mania into which his frightened suspiciousness develops... Plyushkin is a Russian miser, a miser out of fear for the future, in the organization of which the Russian man is so helpless,” notes the pre-revolutionary critic.
Plyushkin's main traits are stinginess, greed, thirst for accumulation and enrichment, wariness and suspicion. These features are masterfully conveyed in the portrait of the hero, in the landscape, in the description of the situation and in the dialogues.
Plyushkin's appearance is very expressive. “His face was nothing special; it was almost the same as that of many thin old men, one chin only protruded very far forward, so that he had to cover it with a handkerchief every time so as not to spit; the small eyes had not yet gone out and ran from under their high eyebrows, like mice, when, sticking their sharp muzzles out of the dark holes, their ears alert and their noses blinking, they look out to see if the cat is hiding somewhere...” Plyushkin’s outfit is noteworthy - greasy and a torn robe, rags wrapped around the neck... S. Shevyrev admired this portrait. “We see Plyushkin so vividly, as if we remember him in a painting by Albert Durer in the Doria Gallery...”, the critic wrote.
Small running eyes, similar to mice, indicate Plyushkin’s wariness and suspicion, generated by fear for his property. His rags resemble the clothes of a beggar, but not of a landowner with more than a thousand souls.
The motif of poverty continues to develop in the description of the landowner's village. In all the village buildings, “some kind of special dilapidation” is noticeable; the huts are made of old and dark logs, the roofs look like a sieve, and there is no glass in the windows. Plyushkin’s own house looks like “some kind of decrepit invalid.” In some places it is one floor, in others it is two, there is green mold on the fence and gates, a “naked plaster lattice” can be seen through the decrepit walls, only two of the windows are open, the rest are closed or boarded up. The “beggarly appearance” here metaphorically conveys the spiritual poverty of the hero, the severe limitation of his worldview by a pathological passion for hoarding.
Behind the house stretches a garden, equally overgrown and decayed, which, however, is “quite picturesque in its picturesque desolation.” “The connected tops of trees growing in freedom lay on the celestial horizon like green clouds and irregular, flutter-leaved domes. A white colossal birch trunk... rose from this green thicket and rounded in the air, like... a sparkling marble column... In places, green thickets, illuminated by the sun, diverged...” A dazzling white marble birch trunk, green thickets, bright, sparkling sun - in the brightness of its colors and the presence of lighting effects, this landscape contrasts with the description interior decoration a landowner's house, recreating the atmosphere of lifelessness, death, and grave.
Entering Plyushkin's house, Chichikov immediately finds himself in darkness. “He stepped into the dark, wide hallway, from which a cold breath blew, as if from a cellar. From the hallway he found himself in a room, also dark, slightly illuminated by the light coming out from under a wide crack located at the bottom of the door.” Further, Gogol develops the motif of death and lifelessness outlined here. In another room of the landowner (where Chichikov ends up) there is a broken chair, “a clock with a stopped pendulum, to which the spider has already attached its web”; a chandelier in a canvas bag, thanks to the layer of dust, looking “like a silk cocoon in which a worm sits.” On the walls, Pavel Ivanovich notices several paintings, but their subjects are quite definite - a battle with screaming soldiers and drowning horses, a still life with a “duck hanging head down.”
In the corner of the room, a huge pile of old rubbish is piled on the floor; through a huge layer of dust, Chichikov notices a piece of a wooden shovel and an old boot sole. This picture is symbolic. According to I.P. Zolotussky, the Plyushkin pile is “a tombstone above the materialist ideal.” The researcher notes that every time Chichikov meets one of the landowners, he makes an “examination of his ideals.” Plyushkin in in this case“represents” state, wealth. In fact, this is the most important thing that Chichikov strives for. It is financial independence that opens the way for him to comfort, happiness, well-being, etc. All this is inextricably fused in Pavel Ivanovich’s mind with home, family, family ties, “heirs,” and respect in society.
Plyushkin does this in the poem Return trip. The hero seems to reveal to us reverse side Chichikov's ideal - we see that the landowner's house is completely neglected, he has no family, everyone is friendly and family ties he tore it apart, there is not a hint of respect in the reviews of other landowners about him.
But Plyushkin was once a thrifty owner, he was married, and “a neighbor stopped by to have lunch with him” and learn housekeeping from him. And everything was no worse with him than with others: a “friendly and talkative hostess”, famous for her hospitality, two pretty daughters, “blond and fresh as roses”, a son, a “broken boy”, and even a French teacher. But the “good mistress” of him and youngest daughter died, the eldest ran away with the headquarters captain, “the time has come for my son to serve,” and Plyushkin was left alone. Gogol carefully traces this process of decay human personality, the development in the hero of his pathological passion.
The lonely life of a landowner, widowhood, “gray hair in coarse hair,” dryness and rationalism of character (“ human feelings...were not deep in it") - all this provided “full food for stinginess.” Indulging in his vice, Plyushkin gradually ruined his entire household. Thus, his hay and bread rotted, flour in the cellars turned into stone, canvases and materials “turned to dust.”
Plyushkin's passion for hoarding became truly pathological: every day he walked the streets of his village and collected everything that came to hand: an old sole, a woman's rag, an iron nail, a clay shard. There was so much in the landowner’s yard: “barrels, crosses, tubs, lagoons, jugs with and without stigmas, twins, baskets...”. “If someone had looked into his work yard, where there was a stock of all kinds of wood and utensils that had never been used, he would have wondered if he had ended up in Moscow at the wood chip yard, where efficient mothers-in-law and mothers-in-law go every day. ..make your household supplies...,” writes Gogol.
Submitting to the thirst for profit and enrichment, the hero gradually lost all human feelings: he ceased to be interested in the lives of his children and grandchildren, quarreled with his neighbors, and drove away all the guests.
The character of the hero in the poem is entirely consistent with his speech. As V.V. Litvinov notes, Plyushkin’s speech is “one continuous grumbling”: complaints about others - about relatives, peasants and abuse with his servants.
In the scene buying and selling dead soul Plyushkin, like Sobakevich, begins to bargain with Chichikov. However, if Sobakevich, not caring about the moral side of the issue, probably guesses the essence of Chichikov’s scam, then Plyushkin does not even think about it. Having heard that he could make a “profit,” the landowner seemed to forget about everything: he “waited,” “his hands trembled,” he “took the money from Chichikov in both hands and carried it to the office with the same caution as if would be carrying some liquid, every minute afraid of spilling it.” Thus, moral side the question leaves him by itself - it simply fades under the pressure of the hero’s “surging feelings.”
It is these “feelings” that take the landowner out of the category of “indifferent”. Belinsky considered Plyushkin a “comical person,” disgusting and disgusting, denying him the significance of his feelings. However, in the context of the author’s creative intent, presented in the poem life story This character of the hero seems to be the most complex among Gogol's landowners. It was Plyushkin (together with Chichikov), according to Gogol’s plan, who was supposed to appear morally reborn in the third volume of the poem.
Dead Souls, where the main character decided to buy the souls of dead peasants from landowners, we meet in different ways landowners of that time. There are five of them, and each one’s soul has long since died. It was Plyushkin, the last of the landowners, where Chichikov came for the souls. Plyushkina in poem Dead we will present souls in our essay.
Plyushkin, characterization of the hero
Considering Plyushkin and making his characterization according to plan, we see not only his description, general image, but also his attitude towards serfs, his family, as well as his attitude towards his estate.
The surname Plyushkin was not chosen by Gogol by chance, because the writer often resorted to symbolic names. Likewise, the surname Plyushkin can be applied to those who are greedy and stingy in life. These people save not for the sake of a good life, but for the sake of saving. They save aimlessly, which is why the lives of such people are aimless. This is exactly what the fifth landowner of the work Plyushkin is with his further characteristics.
So, in Gogol’s work we met Plyushkin, who previously, although he was a rich landowner and an exemplary family man, after the death of his wife his life changed. Children left such a father. For all his wealth, he does not want to help them. Having good savings, Plyushkin does not invest his money in anything. He just saves, and he really likes this process.
When Chichikov sees Plyushkin for the first time, he confuses the owner with the housekeeper. He was so poorly dressed that he could have been confused with a beggar at the church. And here we understand that the scumbag feels sorry for spending his money not only on children, but also on himself. Plyushkin is not worried about the estate, which has long been impoverished and stands dilapidated. He continues to save and is happy with everything.
Plyushkin is constantly making himself poor. Despite the stock being plentiful and disappearing, he says he doesn't have enough food. And then we again see his greed, because he does not give out a single crumb from his warehouses to the serfs.
Speaking about his attitude towards serfs, he is very cruel. His serfs, like himself, are dressed like beggars, always hungry and skinny. Despite their hard work, he calls them lazy and accuses them of stealing, although they never took even a crumb without the master’s permission.
